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Graphene-assisted control of coupling between optical waveguides.

Andrea Locatelli1, Antonio-Daniele Capobianco, Michele Midrio

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universit`a degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. andrea.locatelli@ing.unibs.it

Optics Express
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We explored electrically controlled optical waveguides using graphene layers. This allows for tunable losses, enabling passive PT-symmetry breaking and control over light coupling in photonic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Optical waveguides are fundamental components in photonic integrated circuits.
  • Graphene's unique electronic and optical properties offer new possibilities for device control.
  • PT-symmetry breaking in optical systems is an area of active research with potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrically controlled properties of optical waveguides using graphene layers.
  • To demonstrate passive PT-symmetry breaking in silicon-on-silica ridge waveguides.
  • To propose compact photonic structures for controlling light coupling and discrete diffraction.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of silicon-on-silica ridge waveguides integrated with graphene.

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  • Electrical modulation of graphene's conductivity to induce tunable losses.
  • Analysis of directional coupler behavior to observe PT-symmetry breaking.
  • Probing the exceptional point by varying applied voltage.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated tunable optical losses in waveguides by electrically controlling graphene.
    • Observed passive PT-symmetry breaking in directional couplers due to designed waveguide asymmetry and graphene losses.
    • Successfully probed the exceptional point of the system through voltage variation.
    • Proposed compact photonic structures for advanced light manipulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene-integrated optical waveguides offer a novel platform for exploring PT-symmetry breaking.
    • Electrically tunable losses in waveguides are key to controlling PT-symmetry and exceptional points.
    • The proposed compact photonic structures have potential applications in optical signal processing and beam steering.