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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Interactions: Competition01:26

Microbial Interactions: Competition

Microbial competition is an ecological interaction in which microorganisms vie for limited resources within shared environments. These resources may include nutrients, space, or light, depending on the system. The intensity and outcome of competition are influenced by the environmental context, such as nutrient availability, spatial constraints, and the diversity of microbial species present. These competitive interactions significantly influence the structure, function, and resilience of...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Microbial Interactions: Cooperation01:26

Microbial Interactions: Cooperation

Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...

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Isolation of Culturable Yeasts and Molds from Soils to Investigate Fungal Population Structure
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Published on: May 27, 2022

Nutrient environments influence competition among Aspergillus flavus genotypes.

Hillary L Mehl1, Peter J Cotty

  • 1School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nutrient availability significantly impacts Aspergillus flavus competition, affecting aflatoxin contamination risk. Different nutrient conditions alter fungal growth and spore production, influencing population dynamics and crop disease severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus influence crop aflatoxin contamination.
  • Intraspecific competition is a key factor in Aspergillus flavus population dynamics.
  • Nutrient availability is a potential modulator of intraspecific competition, but specific influences are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of specific nutrient types and concentrations on competition between Aspergillus flavus genotypes.
  • To understand how carbon and nitrogen sources influence intraspecific competition and conidiation.

Main Methods:

  • Competition assays using paired Aspergillus flavus isolates on agar media with varied nutrient concentrations (sucrose, nitrate, asparagine).
  • Quantification of cocultivated isolate percentages using isolate-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms and quantitative pyrosequencing.
  • Measurement of conidia and agar-embedded mycelia to assess competitive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Nutrient composition and concentration affected conidiation during cocultivation.
  • Sporulation of individual isolates did not predict competitive success.
  • Competitive outcomes varied significantly between isolate pairs and nutrient media, indicating isolate-dependent responses.
  • Differences in isolate percentages between conidia and mycelia varied across conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient variability influences Aspergillus flavus competitive interactions and population structure.
  • Isolate-specific adaptations to nutrient environments can impact the epidemiology of aflatoxin contamination.
  • Understanding nutrient-mediated competition is crucial for managing aflatoxin contamination in crops.