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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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Published on: December 19, 2020

Classification of Centrilobular Emphysema Based on CT-Pathologic Correlations.

Mamoru Takahashi1, Gen Yamada, Hiroyuki Koba

  • 1Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan ; Department of Respirology, NTT East Corporation Sapporo Hospital, South-1 West-15, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan.

The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrilobular emphysema (CLE) low attenuation areas (LAA) were classified into three types based on CT imaging. Type B, characterized by irregular borders, was the most common LAA finding in CLE patients.

Keywords:
Low attenuation areacomputed tomographyradiographstereomicroscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Centrilobular emphysema (CLE) is identified by low attenuation areas (LAA) on CT scans.
  • The morphology of these LAA, including shape and border definition, varies.
  • Understanding LAA morphology is crucial for correlating with pathological findings in CLE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the morphological features of LAA in CLE and their underlying pathological characteristics.
  • To classify LAA based on CT imaging and correlate these classifications with specific pathological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CT-pathologic correlation on 50 inflated-fixed lung specimens from CLE patients.
  • Examined CT images for LAA shape and border characteristics.
  • Correlated CT findings with high-magnification radiographs and stereomicroscopic observations of lung slices.

Main Results:

  • Developed a three-type classification for LAA: Type A (round/oval, well-defined), Type B (polygonal/irregular, ill-defined, <5mm), and Type C (irregular, ill-defined, ≥5mm).
  • Type A LAA correlated with bronchiole dilatation, Type B with proximal alveolar duct destruction, and Type C with distal alveolar duct destruction.
  • Type B LAA was the most prevalent, observed in 58% of patients, followed by Type C (24%) and Type A (10%).

Conclusions:

  • Morphological variations in LAA are linked to the specific sites of dilatation or destruction within the secondary lobule in CLE.
  • Type B LAA, characterized by irregular borders and smaller size, represents the most common pathological manifestation in centrilobular emphysema.