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Related Experiment Videos

Associative strength effects in the lexical decision task.

J J Cañas1

  • 1Departamento de Psicologia Experimental y Fisiologia del Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Spain.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

The strength of prime-target relationships in lexical decision tasks depends on processing type. Automatic processing at short stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs) drives the strength effect, while attentional processes at longer SOAs also influence it.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The lexical decision task is a common paradigm for studying word recognition.
  • Strength effects, where related prime-target pairs facilitate lexical decisions, are well-documented.
  • The underlying mechanisms, automatic versus attentional processing, remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of automatic and attentional processing in lexical decision task strength effects.
  • To determine how stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA) and prime-target pair proportions influence strength effects.
  • To test a two-process model explaining these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments using a lexical decision task.
  • Manipulation of prime-target relationship strength (strong/weak).

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  • Manipulation of stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA) durations (short/long) and pair proportions (related/unrelated, strong/weak).
  • Inclusion of neutral prime conditions in one experiment.

    • Main Results:

    • Strength effects were independent of pair proportions and SOA in Experiment 1.
    • Strength effects emerged with more strong than weak pairs at long SOAs (Experiment 2).
    • Strength effects persisted regardless of weak pair proportions at short SOAs (Experiment 3).
    • Longer SOAs (1000 msec) with neutral primes also showed strength effects (Experiment 4).

    Conclusions:

    • Short SOAs (e.g., 100 msec) elicit strength effects primarily through automatic processing.
    • Longer SOAs (e.g., 500-1000 msec) involve attentional processes influencing the strength effect.
    • Results support a two-process model distinguishing automatic and attentional contributions to word recognition.