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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

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Radiotherapy supports protective tumor-specific immunity.

Anurag Gupta1, Anu Sharma, Lotta von Boehmer

  • 1Department of Oncology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland.

Oncoimmunology
|December 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Radiotherapy can enhance cancer treatment by triggering a tumor-specific immune response. This process involves activating dendritic cells, shifting the tumor microenvironment from tolerogenic to immunogenic.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is a key cancer treatment modality.
  • Evidence suggests radiotherapy elicits an anti-tumor immune response.
  • Tumor microenvironments are often immunologically tolerant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy.
  • To explore the role of dendritic cells in radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor immunity.
  • To understand how radiotherapy alters the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on radiotherapy and immune response.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which radiotherapy affects tumor-associated immune cells.
  • Postulation of a model for radiotherapy-induced immune activation.

Main Results:

  • Radiotherapy induces irreversible DNA damage in cancer cells.
  • Radiotherapy promotes a tumor-specific immune response.
  • Radiotherapy activates tumor-associated dendritic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Radiotherapy's efficacy is partly mediated by immune responses.
  • Activation of dendritic cells is a key mechanism.
  • Radiotherapy converts a tolerogenic tumor environment into an immunogenic one.