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Updated: May 15, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
A structured educational intervention to improve targeted temperature management utilization after cardiac arrest.
Audrey L Blewer1, Gail Delfin, Marion Leary
1Center for Resuscitation Science and Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
A structured educational program significantly boosted clinician confidence and use of targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest. This intervention addressed key barriers like communication and education gaps, improving TTM adoption.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Emergency Medicine
- Critical Care
Background:
- Targeted temperature management (TTM) improves outcomes post-cardiac arrest resuscitation.
- However, TTM adoption in clinical practice has been inconsistent and slow.
- Barriers to TTM implementation and strategies for increasing its use are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the barriers to TTM implementation.
- To assess the impact of a structured educational intervention on TTM adoption.
- To hypothesize that education can increase TTM use.
Main Methods:
- Mixed quantitative/qualitative surveys and knowledge examinations were administered to clinicians before and after TTM educational courses.
- Surveys assessed TTM usage and implementation barriers.
- Educational courses were conducted from October 2010 to October 2011.
Main Results:
- Communication challenges and inadequate education were identified as the primary barriers to TTM implementation.
- Post-intervention, 95% of respondents reported increased confidence in initiating TTM.
- A statistically significant increase in self-reported TTM usage was observed after the educational program (P < .01).
Conclusions:
- A focused educational program effectively increased clinician confidence and TTM utilization.
- Targeted training addressing specific barriers is crucial for further increasing TTM adoption.
- Future efforts should focus on refining educational strategies to maximize TTM use.
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