Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026
09:17
Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness
Published on: May 2, 2017
Enhanced poison elimination in critical care
Marc Ghannoum1, Sophie Gosselin
1University of Montreal, Verdun Hospital, Montreal, Qc, Canada H4G2A3. marcghannoum@gmail.com
Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
|December 26, 2012
Summary
This review covers methods to enhance poison elimination in severe poisoning cases. It details both internal (corporeal) and external (extracorporeal) treatments, discussing their uses and limits.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Critical Care Medicine
- Clinical Toxicology
Background:
- Severely poisoned patients require specialized treatment.
- Nephrologists and critical care physicians manage these complex cases.
- Enhanced elimination techniques are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current methods for enhancing poison elimination.
- To discuss the indications and limitations of various treatment modalities.
- To highlight the pharmacological properties of poisons treatable by enhanced elimination.
Main Methods:
- Review of corporeal treatments: multiple-dose activated charcoal, resin binding, forced diuresis, urinary pH alteration.
- Review of extracorporeal treatments: hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, exchange transfusion, plasmapheresis.
- Analysis of treatment applicability and poison characteristics.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of internal and external detoxification methods.
- Evaluation of the clinical utility and constraints for each technique.
- Identification of poison properties influencing the choice of elimination strategy.
Conclusions:
- Multiple treatment options exist for enhanced poison elimination.
- The selection of an appropriate method depends on the specific poison and patient factors.
- Understanding treatment indications and limitations is key for effective management.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
01:26Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies
Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
01:14Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
01:26Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
01:22Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
01:23Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes
The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...