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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging
06:11

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Epiallele biogenesis in maize.

Wolfgang Goettel1, Joachim Messing

  • 1Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Gene
|December 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation patterns in maize control gene expression. Transposons can spread methylation to nearby regulatory elements, silencing genes and potentially creating frequent epialleles.

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • The p1 gene in maize regulates pigment production in floral tissues.
  • Epialleles, variations in gene expression due to epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, can alter phenotypes.
  • Cytosine methylation is a key epigenetic mark influencing gene activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between cytosine methylation patterns and gene expression variations in maize.
  • To identify specific DNA regions responsible for silencing the P1-pr epiallele.
  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifiers in regulating DNA methylation and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Correlating DNA cytosine methylation patterns with p1 gene expression levels across different epialleles (P1-rr and P1-pr).
  • Assaying DNA methylation across a 17 kb region of the p1 gene, focusing on transposon and repeat arrangements.
  • Analyzing the effect of the Ufo1 epigenetic modifier on DNA methylation and p1 gene reactivation.

Main Results:

  • A specific region containing transposons and repeats, acting as a distal enhancer, showed differential DNA methylation between P1-rr and P1-pr alleles.
  • This enhancer region was hypermethylated in the silenced P1-pr allele compared to the expressed P1-rr allele.
  • In Ufo1 mutants, P1-pr showed reduced DNA methylation in the enhancer, leading to increased gene expression and pigment production.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation likely spreads from transposable elements into adjacent regulatory sequences, causing gene silencing.
  • This mechanism could lead to the frequent occurrence of epialleles in genomes with abundant transposable elements, such as maize.
  • Epigenetic modifiers like Ufo1 play a crucial role in regulating DNA methylation and reactivating silenced genes.