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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
The Proteasome Structure01:17

The Proteasome Structure

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
The proteasome is an...

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mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts
12:29

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

The seed nuclear proteome.

Ombretta Repetto1, Hélène Rogniaux, Colette Larré

  • 1UMR1347 Agroécologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Dijon, France.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|December 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing seed nuclear proteomes aids in understanding seed development. This knowledge can help improve crop yield and nutritional value by manipulating seed traits like weight and protein content.

Keywords:
developmentnucleiproteomicsregulationseeds

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Seed development is crucial for crop yield and nutritional value.
  • The nucleus plays a central role in regulating gene expression during seed development.
  • Understanding the seed nuclear proteome is key to manipulating seed traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for analyzing the nuclear proteome in developing seeds.
  • To provide insights into the complexity and unique features of the seed nuclear proteome.
  • To identify nuclear proteins involved in preparing seeds for reserve accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Sub-proteome analysis of nuclei from developing seeds.
  • Utilizing sequence data from model species for protein identification.
  • Separation and identification of nuclear proteins at critical developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of the seed nuclear proteome during preparation for reserve accumulation.
  • Identification of chromatin-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation.
  • Insights into proteins potentially modifying genome architecture for seed filling.

Conclusions:

  • The seed nuclear proteome exhibits complexity and distinctive features.
  • Specific nuclear proteins are involved in regulating seed development and quality.
  • Understanding these regulatory networks can help enhance seed traits for improved crop production.