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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
05:23

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

[Aging of joint].

Yasumoto Matsui1, Atsushi Harada

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|December 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) impacts elderly independence, with knee OA diagnosis complicated by poor pain correlation. New treatments are needed, considering aging and metabolic factors beyond current symptom management.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Gerontology
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) significantly impacts elderly independence, necessitating effective management strategies.
  • Knee OA, the most common form, presents diagnostic challenges as radiographic findings often don't correlate with patient pain levels.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathology, focusing on knee joint involvement.
  • To highlight the limitations of current OA treatments and the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Summary:

  • OA involves cartilage matrix degradation (type II collagen, aggrecan) and chondrocyte dysfunction (hypertrophy, apoptosis).
  • Aging processes, including altered autophagy and energy metabolism, are increasingly linked to OA development.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) aids in assessing subchondral bone, cartilage, and meniscus pathology, crucial for diagnosis.

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A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

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Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Knee in Aged Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs after Intra Articular Injection
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A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
08:17

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

Published on: February 27, 2018

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the need for advanced diagnostic tools beyond pain assessment in OA.
  • Underscores the importance of developing new OA treatments that address underlying pathology and aging-related factors.
  • Suggests integrating the study of bone, muscle aging, and metabolic syndrome for comprehensive OA management.