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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:04

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: current developments, ongoing issues, future outlook.

Gilbert H L Tang1, Steven L Lansman, Martin Cohen

  • 1Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. tangg@wcmc.com

Cardiology in Review
|December 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a proven therapy for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients. Ongoing research addresses TAVR

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
06:04

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has evolved significantly since its inception in 2002.
  • Over 50,000 TAVR procedures globally highlight its growing importance in treating severe aortic stenosis.
  • TAVR is established for high-risk patients unsuitable for traditional surgical valve replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and critical issues of TAVR.
  • To discuss the factors essential for successful TAVR outcomes.
  • To explore future directions and ongoing evaluations in TAVR technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and outcomes from TAVR procedures worldwide.
  • Analysis of patient selection, risk stratification, and procedural techniques.
  • Evaluation of existing complications and emerging valve technologies.

Main Results:

  • TAVR is effective for high-risk patients, with extensive clinical data supporting its use.
  • Key concerns include stroke, paravalvular leak, vascular complications, bleeding, and heart block.
  • Valve-in-valve procedures represent a novel application for degenerated bioprostheses.

Conclusions:

  • Careful patient selection, procedural technique, and complication management are crucial for TAVR success.
  • Further research is needed to clarify TAVR's cost-effectiveness and quality of life benefits in lower-risk patients.
  • Next-generation valves and ongoing studies aim to refine TAVR and optimize outcomes.