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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Mechanical Ventilation Boot Camp Curriculum
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Published on: March 12, 2018

Making July safer: simulation-based mastery learning during intern boot camp.

Elaine R Cohen1, Jeffrey H Barsuk, Farzad Moazed

  • 1Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|December 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) boot camp significantly improved internal medicine interns' clinical skills. This training ensures interns meet a minimum passing standard before patient care, mitigating the "July effect."

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Skills Training
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Patient care quality declines during academic year turnover, a phenomenon linked to the

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) boot camp on the clinical skills of internal medicine interns.
  • To determine if SBML training improves performance on a clinical skills examination (CSE).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study compared 47 interns who completed an SBML boot camp with 109 historical controls.
  • The boot camp involved three days of teaching, deliberate practice, and feedback, requiring participants to meet a minimum passing standard (MPS) before internship.
  • Performance was assessed on a CSE including physical examination, procedures, critical care management, and patient communication.

Main Results:

  • All boot-camp-trained interns met or exceeded the MPS.
  • Trained interns demonstrated significantly better performance on all CSE components compared to historical controls (P < .01), even after controlling for demographic and academic factors (P < .001).
  • No correlation was found between CSE scores and age, gender, prior experience, self-confidence, or USMLE scores.

Conclusions:

  • Simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) boot camps provide effective individualized training and assessment for incoming interns.
  • This approach ensures interns achieve documented competence prior to patient care responsibilities.
  • SBML can be a valuable tool to enhance intern preparedness and potentially mitigate the