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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Published on: March 31, 2023

Infected simple renal cyst. Case report.

Tomás Lázaro Rodríguez Collar¹, Basili Valdés Estévez, Ariel Nuñez Roca

¹Urology Department, Hospital Unviersitario Dr. Carlos J.Finlay, La Habana, Cuba. hidalgo@erkasl.co.cu

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia

|December 28, 2012

Summary

A new case of infected simple renal cyst was successfully treated with percutaneous cyst puncture and ethanol sclerosis. This minimally invasive approach, combined with antibiotics, offers a favorable outcome for infected renal cysts.

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Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

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Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Urology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Infected simple renal cysts are rare but can cause significant morbidity.
Diagnosis often relies on imaging findings and clinical presentation.

Observation:

A 30-year-old female presented with prolonged fever and left flank pain.
Imaging revealed a large left renal cyst with echogenic content.

Findings:

Percutaneous lumbar puncture yielded 400ml of clear yellow fluid.
Ethanol sclerotherapy was performed, and cultures were negative.
The patient showed satisfactory clinical improvement with normal follow-up ultrasounds.

Implications:

Percutaneous treatment is effective for infected renal cysts amenable to lumbar access.
This approach, alongside antibiotics, provides a recommended therapeutic strategy.
Minimally invasive techniques can achieve successful outcomes in managing complex renal cysts.