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Diversification of the primary antibody repertoire begins during early follicle development in the rabbit appendix

Shi-Kang Zhai1, Dennis K Lanning

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.

Molecular Immunology
|December 29, 2012
PubMed

Rabbits generate a diversified primary antibody repertoire by somatically mutating, in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), an initial repertoire that is limited by preferential rearrangement of the 3'-most IGVH gene segment. To determine when repertoire diversification begins in GALT, we performed in situ hybridization on neonatal rabbit appendix sections with an activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) riboprobe, because AID is required for the mutational processes that diversify the primary antibody repertoire. We first detected AID mRNA expression around 1 week of age, in the basal region of developing follicles. By PCR-amplifying V-D-J genes from AID mRNA(+) B cells isolated by laser capture microdissection, we found evidence of somatic hypermutation, and one likely instance of somatic gene conversion. Our results suggest that V-(D)-J gene diversification begins during early postnatal appendix development, in B cells stimulated to enter a proliferative program by signals derived from select intestinal commensals.

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