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The biomechanical stability of distal clavicle excision versus symmetric acromioclavicular joint resection
Nikhil G Pandhi1, Amanda O Esquivel, Jason D Hanna
1Detroit Medical Center Sports Medicine, 28800 Ryan Road, Suite 220, Warren, MI 48092, USA.
Background:
Treatment for acromioclavicular (AC) joint pain may include distal clavicle excision (DCE). It is possible that DCE can disrupt the surrounding ligaments, leading to increased AC joint laxity.
Purpose:
To determine the load to failure and stiffness of the AC joint after DCE and symmetric acromioclavicular joint resection (ACJR).
Study Design:
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods:
Specimens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 1-cm DCE (n = 10) or symmetric (5-mm excision of acromion and distal clavicle) ACJR (n = 10). The specimens were loaded intact in the anterior-posterior plane to determine anteroposterior translation. This was repeated after surgery and compared. The specimens were loaded at 2 mm/s until clinical failure. Force and displacement were recorded, and stiffness was calculated.
Results:
The peak load to failure for the DCE group was 387.8 N (standard error of the mean [SEM], 31.4 N) and for the ACJR group was 468.5 N (SEM, 30.9 N) (P = .035). The average stiffness for the DCE group was 35.2 N/mm (SEM, 2.5 N/mm) and for the ACJR group was 37.4 N/mm (SEM, 2.3 N/mm) (P = .11). There was no significant difference in the anteroposterior translation before and after resection for either group (P > .05).
Conclusion:
This cadaveric study demonstrates that the anterior-posterior load to clinical failure of the AC joint after 5 mm of resection from the distal clavicle and medial acromion is significantly greater than 1 cm of the resected distal clavicle alone.
Clinical Relevance:
Performing ACJR may improve joint stability, leading to fewer complications when compared with DCE.
