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Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

[DNA sequencing using specific long-range interaction between macromolecules].

V A Namiot, A A Anashkina, I V Filatov

|January 1, 2013

Summary

This study introduces a novel method for rapidly determining nucleotide sequences in a single DNA molecule. By stretching the DNA and analyzing its electrostatic potential, researchers can efficiently "read" genetic information.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

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Published on: April 23, 2011

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DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

Published on: January 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biophysics
Nanotechnology

Context:

Accurate and rapid DNA sequencing is crucial for advancements in genomics and personalized medicine.
Current sequencing technologies face limitations in speed and throughput for single-molecule analysis.

Purpose:

To develop a novel approach for the "fast reading" of nucleotide sequences in a single DNA molecule.
To leverage the theory of specific long-range interactions in long molecules for DNA sequence determination.

Summary:

The method involves applying a stretching force to unwind the DNA molecule from its B-form to an S-form, facilitating analysis in a stretched state.
Electrostatic potential is measured along the stretched DNA filament, providing sufficient information to deduce the nucleotide sequence.
An alternative approach measures filament deformation induced by an electrostatic field from an electrode, offering another way to read DNA information.

Impact:

This technique has the potential to significantly accelerate DNA sequencing processes.
Enables efficient genetic information retrieval from individual DNA molecules, opening new avenues in biological research.
Could lead to more cost-effective and faster genomic analyses in various scientific and clinical applications.