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The dexamethasone suppression test and completed suicide.

W H Norman1, W A Brown, I W Miller

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
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The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) may predict suicide risk in depressed patients. Higher post-dexamethasone cortisol levels and DST nonsuppression indicate increased risk for suicide completion.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is a biological marker used in psychiatry.
  • Abnormalities in the DST have been linked to depression and suicide risk.
  • Further investigation is needed to clarify the DST's predictive value for suicide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and suicide outcomes in depressed inpatients.
  • To compare DST results between patients who completed suicide, attempted suicide, and did not attempt suicide.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study matching suicide completers with suicide attempters and nonattempters.
  • Patients underwent the DST (1 mg or 2 mg) during index admission.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Post-dexamethasone cortisol levels and DST nonsuppression rates were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Suicide completers exhibited significantly higher 1600 post-dexamethasone cortisol levels than suicide attempters.
    • The rate of DST nonsuppression was significantly higher in suicide completers compared to attempters and nonattempters combined.
    • Serious suicide attempters showed higher cortisol levels and a greater proportion of completed suicides than non-serious attempters.

    Conclusions:

    • DST nonsuppression and elevated post-dexamethasone cortisol levels are associated with completed suicide in depressed inpatients.
    • The DST may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying high-risk individuals for suicide.
    • These findings warrant further research into the DST's utility in suicide prevention strategies.