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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Hyposalivation in autoimmune diseases.

Etsuko Maeshima1, Kanako Furukawa, Shinichiro Maeshima

  • 1Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0496, Japan, etsukom@ouhs.ac.jp.

Rheumatology International
|January 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dry mouth (xerostomia) is common in autoimmune diseases beyond Sjögren's syndrome. This study found salivary gland dysfunction in over 50% of patients, highlighting the need for screening in these conditions.

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Published on: December 17, 2010

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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sjögren's syndrome is a well-known autoimmune disease causing dry mouth.
  • The prevalence of dry mouth in other autoimmune diseases is less understood.
  • Salivary gland dysfunction can significantly impact patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of dry mouth in patients with autoimmune diseases, excluding primary Sjögren's syndrome.
  • To assess salivary gland function using a filter paper screening technique.
  • To determine if salivary gland dysfunction varies among different autoimmune disease groups.

Main Methods:

  • 144 patients with autoimmune diseases (excluding primary Sjögren's syndrome) were enrolled.
  • Salivary flow rate was measured using a filter paper screening technique.
  • Data were analyzed to compare prevalence across disease groups and correlate with oral symptoms.

Main Results:

  • 58.3% of patients exhibited disturbed salivary secretion.
  • Prevalence of disturbed salivary secretion varied significantly among autoimmune disease groups (P < 0.05), exceeding 50% in most groups.
  • Systemic sclerosis showed the highest prevalence; rheumatoid arthritis had a lower prevalence.
  • A significant positive correlation was found between screening test results and oral visual analog scale scores (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune diseases can cause salivary gland dysfunction, irrespective of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • The filter paper screening technique is a useful tool for detecting salivary gland dysfunction in autoimmune disease patients.
  • Routine screening for dry mouth is recommended for patients with various autoimmune conditions.