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Updated: May 15, 2026

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
Detecting bifurcations in an electrochemical cell employing an assisted reference model strategy
E Ramírez-Álvarez1, M Calderón Ramírez, R Rico-Martínez
1Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y A. García Cubas s/n, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato, México. elizethra@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Bifurcations are detected in experiments involving the electrochemical oxidation of copper in phosphoric acid. Ideally, a bifurcation detection protocol requires a model with good qualitative and quantitative prediction capabilities that is also able to reproduce the drift inherent to the electrochemical experiment. A generic protocol for manipulation of nonlinear systems is proposed to achieve this goal. This protocol is based on a good qualitative predictor coupled to a modified Kalman filter that corrects the quantitative errors of the model point by point, adapting to the slowly varying conditions imposed by the electrochemical drift.
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