Hormone therapy for younger patients with endometrial cancer

The relationship between hormones and endometrial cancer is well known because disease states, such as chronic anovulation and endogenous estrogen production from hormone-secreting tumors (for example, granulosa cell tumor of the ovary), are related to excess estrogen, and unopposed estrogen use might lead to endometrial overgrowth, hyperplasia, and subsequent development of endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, the possibility of using antihormone therapy in endometrial carcinoma and/or its precancer lesions, such as simple hyperplasia with and without atypia and complex hyperplasia with and without atypia, is always supposed, as in the management of breast cancer. In addition, if women in whom endometrial cancer is diagnosed are very young, some critical issues should be considered, including the possibility of ovary preservation-partial preservation of fertility and the possibility of both ovary and uterus preservation-complete preservation of fertility. Other factors are also important to consider and include oncologic risk, appropriateness of candidates for treatment, type of hormone use, response rate of hormonal therapy, appropriate surveillance, and additional counseling for issues such as anxiety about relapse and metastasis, distress about side effects, advice of the family, advice of the medical staff, and economic burden. This review will be focused on updated information and recent knowledge of the use of hormones in the management of younger women with endometrial cancer who want fertility preservation.