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In vivo selection for transmissible drug resistance in Salmonella typhi during antimicrobial therapy

R S Schwalbe1, C W Hoge, J G Morris

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.

Insights

Salmonella typhi developed resistance to multiple antibiotics after treatment. Identical resistance patterns were observed in co-occurring Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, linked by a shared plasmid.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat.
  • Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose significant challenges in clinical settings.
  • Salmonella typhi is a major cause of enteric fever worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi.
  • To identify the genetic basis for acquired antibiotic resistance.
  • To examine the relationship between resistant bacterial isolates from the same source.

Main Methods:

  • Bacterial isolation and identification from stool samples.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for multiple antibiotics.
  • Agarose gel electrophoresis to analyze plasmid DNA.

Main Results:

  • Salmonella typhi acquired resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin.
  • Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exhibited identical resistance profiles.
  • A high-molecular-weight plasmid was identified in S. typhi and transconjugants, present in other resistant bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple antibiotic therapy can drive the acquisition of resistance in Salmonella typhi.
  • Plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer likely contributed to the spread of resistance.
  • Co-infection with other resistant Enterobacteriaceae may facilitate resistance development.

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