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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Electronic properties of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

P Zhu1, V Meunier

  • 1Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and found their electronic band gaps can be tuned by structural changes. Graphene substrates minimally impact COF properties, ensuring robust electronic applications.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging materials with tunable electronic properties.
  • Understanding their electronic behavior is crucial for developing novel electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic properties of 2D COFs.
  • To determine how structural modifications and substrates influence their electronic band gap.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Quasiparticle theory.
  • Van der Waals corrected DFT for substrate interactions.

Main Results:

  • Electronic band gap of 2D COFs can be fine-tuned by altering organic chain-links.
  • Increasing chain-link length effectively modifies the band gap.
  • Strain also impacts electronic properties.
  • Graphene substrates have a negligible effect on the intrinsic electronic properties of COFs.

Conclusions:

  • Structural engineering offers a viable route to tailor COF electronic properties.
  • COFs exhibit robust electronic characteristics, suitable for practical applications.
  • The findings pave the way for designing advanced COF-based electronic materials.