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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Published on: May 13, 2020

Nonlinear transmission line based electron beam driver.

David M French1, Brad W Hoff, Wilkin Tang

  • 1Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a novel cathode gate driver for generating short electron pulses using a nonlinear transmission line. This method produces 2 ns pulses without lasers or heating, enabling efficient field emission cathode operation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Gated field emission cathodes offer an alternative to laser- or heat-based electron pulse generation.
  • High aspect ratio cathodes with large field enhancement factors reduce the voltage needed for field emission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a cathode gate driver utilizing a nonlinear transmission line output pulse train.
  • To generate and characterize short electron pulses from a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration of a cathode gate driver.
  • Application of a nonlinear transmission line pulse train to a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode.
  • Particle-in-cell simulation for predicting current pulse train characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of short electron pulses (approx. 2 ns duration) with emission currents of several mA.
  • Demonstration of a pulse train containing up to 6 pulses at a 100 MHz frequency.
  • Particle-in-cell simulations used to predict pulse train characteristics from a single carbon fiber cathode.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated cathode gate driver effectively generates short electron pulses from field emission cathodes.
  • This technique provides a viable method for producing high-frequency, short-duration electron pulses without auxiliary systems.
  • The results pave the way for advanced applications requiring precise electron pulse control.