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Related Concept Videos

Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

Risk prediction in stable angina pectoris.

Thomas Kahan1, Lennart Forslund, Claes Held

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88, Stockholm, Sweden. thomas.kahan@ds.se

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Easily accessible clinical markers like fasting blood glucose and serum creatinine effectively predict cardiovascular complications in stable angina pectoris patients. These common variables offer valuable prognostic information for risk stratification in routine care.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Preventive Cardiology

Background:

  • Stable angina pectoris, while often having a favorable prognosis, requires identification of patients at high risk for cardiovascular complications.
  • Numerous novel biomarkers for disease activity and prognosis have been identified.
  • The utility of common, readily available clinical markers for prognostic assessment needs evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prognostic value of easily accessible clinical and demographic variables in patients with stable angina pectoris.
  • To determine if routine markers provide sufficient information for cardiovascular risk prediction.
  • To identify key predictors of cardiovascular events in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • The Angina Pectoris Prognosis Study in Stockholm enrolled 809 patients with stable angina pectoris.
  • Patients received metoprolol or verapamil in a double-blind manner.
  • Follow-up included an initial median of 3.4 years and extended registry-based follow-up to 9.1 years.
  • Integrated analysis included clinical, mechanistic, biochemical, functional, and psychosocial variables.
  • Main outcomes were nonfatal myocardial infarction and combined cardiovascular death.

Main Results:

  • A total of 139 patients experienced a primary outcome event.
  • Independent predictors of adverse outcomes included age, male sex, elevated fasting blood glucose, increased serum creatinine, and higher leucocyte counts.
  • Fasting glucose levels, even in the impaired range, were as predictive as manifest diabetes.
  • Smoking, lipids, hypertension, and prior myocardial infarction provided limited additional prognostic value.
  • Sexual problems were predictive in men.

Conclusions:

  • Readily available clinical and demographic factors provide robust risk prediction for stable angina pectoris.
  • Elevated serum creatinine and impaired glucose tolerance are particularly significant predictors of cardiovascular events.
  • These findings support the use of common clinical variables for risk stratification in stable angina management.