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Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Septic pericarditis in a cat with pyometra.

Sean B Majoy¹, Claire R Sharp, Amy E Dickinson

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)

|January 3, 2013

Summary

This study details a rare case of septic pericarditis in a cat, caused by a urogenital infection spreading to the heart. Successful surgical and medical management strategies were employed.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Area of Science:

Veterinary Cardiology
Small Animal Internal Medicine
Veterinary Surgery

Background:

Septic pericarditis is an uncommon condition in cats, often with an unknown or transient bacteremic origin.
Previous cases of feline septic pericarditis have not definitively linked the condition to a primary urogenital infection.

Observation:

A 6-year-old female Ragdoll cat presented with lethargy, anorexia, and vaginal discharge, indicative of a potential urogenital issue.
Diagnostic imaging revealed significant pericardial effusion and uterine abnormalities, suggestive of pyometra.
Cytologic analysis of pericardial fluid confirmed septic inflammation with bacterial presence.

Findings:

The cat was diagnosed with pyometra and secondary septic pericarditis, with Escherichia coli identified as the causative agent in both the uterus and pericardium.
Treatment involved pericardiocentesis, fluid therapy, antimicrobials, ovariohysterectomy, and partial pericardiectomy.
Histopathology confirmed the diagnoses, and bacterial cultures from both sites showed identical Escherichia coli strains and antimicrobial sensitivities.

Implications:

This case represents the first veterinary report of septic pericarditis in a cat attributed to hematogenous spread from a urogenital infection.
Successful surgical and medical management highlights a viable treatment strategy for this rare condition.
The findings expand the understanding of septic pericarditis etiology in felines, emphasizing the potential link to pyometra.