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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow
10:25

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow

Published on: February 4, 2015

When birth comes early: effects on nephrogenesis.

Mary Jane Black1, Megan R Sutherland, Lina Gubhaju

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. jane.black@monash.edu

Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nephrogenesis, the formation of new nephrons, continues after preterm birth. However, abnormal glomeruli are found in preterm infant kidneys, possibly due to birth-related hemodynamic changes.

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A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis
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Published on: January 7, 2018

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow
10:25

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow

Published on: February 4, 2015

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis
06:19

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Renal development
  • Developmental nephrology

Background:

  • Preterm birth occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, when infant kidneys are immature and nephrogenesis is ongoing.
  • Studies show nephrogenesis continues post-birth in preterm infants, increasing nephron count.
  • Morphologically abnormal glomeruli, specifically cystic Bowman's spaces, are observed in the outer cortex of preterm kidneys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and potential causes of glomerular abnormalities in preterm infants.
  • To understand the implications of ongoing nephrogenesis in the extra-uterine environment for renal development.
  • To identify factors contributing to abnormal glomeruli to optimize renal health in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autopsied preterm human kidneys.
  • Utilizing a baboon model of preterm birth to study renal development.
  • Morphological examination of glomeruli in the renal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Nephrogenesis continues after preterm birth, with new glomerular generations and nephrons forming.
  • Abnormal glomeruli with cystic Bowman's spaces are predominantly found in the outer renal cortex.
  • The proportion of abnormal glomeruli varies significantly between preterm infants, suggesting external influencing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Glomerular abnormalities in preterm infants may arise from factors encountered in the extra-uterine environment, including hemodynamic changes at birth.
  • Increased systemic blood pressure and renal blood flow post-birth could injure developing glomerular capillaries.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the causes of these abnormalities and improve preterm infant renal health.