Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

127.0K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
127.0K
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

95.1K
Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
95.1K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

69.6K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
69.6K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

68.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
68.0K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

38.3K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
38.3K
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

62.7K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
62.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Setting Boundaries for Statistical Mechanics.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Field theory of reaction-diffusion: Law of mass action with an energetic variational approach.

Physical review. E·2021
Same author

Effects of Diffusion Coefficients and Permanent Charge on Reversal Potentials in Ionic Channels.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Molecular Mean-Field Theory of Ionic Solutions: A Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Bikerman Model.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Do Bistable Steric Poisson-Nernst-Planck Models Describe Single-Channel Gating?

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2018
Same author

Poisson-Fermi modeling of ion activities in aqueous single and mixed electrolyte solutions at variable temperature.

The Journal of chemical physics·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.6K

Ionic interactions are everywhere.

Bob Eisenberg1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classical theories of ionic solutions ignore interactions, but biological solutions like seawater are concentrated enough that ion size and interactions are crucial. Complex fluid theory is needed to accurately model these interacting biological solutions.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K
Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay
10:41

Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay

Published on: March 7, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.6K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K
Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay
10:41

Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay

Published on: March 7, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Classical theories of ionic solutions often neglect crucial inter-ionic interactions.
  • Biological solutions, such as seawater, exhibit high ion concentrations where ion size and interactions become significant.
  • Existing models may not adequately capture the complexity of real biological fluid behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of classical theories in describing biological ionic solutions.
  • To emphasize the importance of inter-ionic interactions and ion size in concentrated biological fluids.
  • To advocate for the application of complex fluid theory to biological solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing theories for ionic solutions.
  • Comparison of classical assumptions with the characteristics of biological fluids (e.g., seawater).
  • Argument for the necessity of advanced theoretical frameworks like complex fluid theory.

Main Results:

  • Classical theories fail to account for dominant interactions in concentrated ionic solutions.
  • The physical size of ions is a critical factor in biological solutions, impacting interactions.
  • Biological solutions present a complex fluid system requiring more sophisticated theoretical approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions and ion size are dominant factors in biological ionic solutions, not negligible as in some classical models.
  • Complex fluid theory offers a more appropriate framework for understanding the behavior of biological solutions.
  • Accurate modeling of biological systems necessitates moving beyond simplified classical assumptions.