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Updated: May 15, 2026

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
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Deimination restores inner retinal visual function in murine demyelinating disease.

Mabel Enriquez-Algeciras1, Di Ding, Fabrizio G Mastronardi

  • 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|January 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic impairment contributes to vision loss in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Restoring deimination, a protein modification, improved retinal function and neurite growth in MS models.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), cause progressive visual dysfunction.
  • Axonal and neuronal soma damage are primary hypotheses for vision loss in MS.
  • Dendritic impairment is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of deimination in visual function in the context of demyelinating diseases.
  • To determine if dendritic impairment contributes to vision loss in multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of restoring deimination in retinal ganglion cells.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed deimination levels in the retinal ganglion cell layer of MS patients and a transgenic mouse model (ND4 mice).

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  • Measured inner retinal function in ND4 mice to correlate with deimination levels.
  • Restored deimination locally in retinal explants and examined neurite outgrowth in isolated neurons.
  • Utilized siRNA knockdown of the export-binding protein REF (a deimination target) to assess its impact on neurite length.

    • Main Results:

    • Deimination was reduced in the retinas of MS patients and ND4 mice.
    • Reduced deimination correlated with decreased inner retinal function in ND4 mice.
    • Local restoration of deimination significantly improved retinal function and promoted neurite elongation.
    • Downregulation of deimination or REF knockdown decreased neurite length.

    Conclusions:

    • Protein deimination is crucial for maintaining inner retinal function and dendritic health.
    • Dendritic impairment, mediated by altered deimination, plays a significant role in vision loss associated with demyelinating diseases.
    • Targeting deimination pathways, particularly involving REF, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for visual dysfunction in MS and other demyelinating conditions.