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Updated: May 15, 2026

A New Hybrid Quantitative Evaluation Model for Axillary Junctional Hemorrhage in Swine
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Best practices for performing experimental surgery in swine.

M Michael Swindle1, Alison C Smith

  • 1Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. swindlem@musc.edu

Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study details four decades of developing swine surgical models for translational research, focusing on humane animal care, anesthesia, and intensive monitoring techniques for reliable results.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Translational Research
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Extensive experience in swine surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care.
  • Development of porcine surgical models over four decades for research applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe established techniques for porcine surgical models.
  • To highlight best practices in animal care and research methodology.

Main Methods:

  • Seven-day conditioning and socialization period for swine.
  • Non-stressful housing designed for species-specific needs.
  • Aseptic surgical techniques, including specific anesthesia and analgesia protocols.
  • Intensive intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of physiological parameters.

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Main Results:

  • Established protocols for anesthesia and analgesia considering physiological and research impacts.
  • Comprehensive monitoring ensures animal welfare and data integrity.
  • Successful application in developing complex porcine surgical models.

Conclusions:

  • The described techniques provide a robust foundation for porcine surgical models in translational research.
  • Humane animal care and meticulous methodology are crucial for successful research outcomes.
  • These methods contribute to advancing scientific understanding through reliable animal studies.