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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

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Superhydrophobic and omnidirectional antireflective surfaces from nanostructured ormosil colloids.

Adem Yildirim¹, Tural Khudiyev, Bihter Daglar

¹UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 4, 2013

Summary

Researchers developed a durable, large-area superhydrophobic and antireflective nanostructured coating. This inexpensive coating mimics lotus leaves for self-cleaning and moth eyes for anti-reflection, suitable for practical applications.

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Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Superhydrophobic surfaces mimic natural self-cleaning properties, like those of lotus leaves.
Omnidirectional antireflective coatings are inspired by the structure of moth compound eyes.
Simultaneously achieving both properties on a large scale presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and prepare a large-area superhydrophobic and omnidirectional antireflective nanostructured coating.
To evaluate the coating's self-cleaning, antireflective, and mechanical properties.
To assess the potential for practical outdoor applications of this multifunctional coating.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a nanostructured organically modified silica coating.
Characterization of surface properties using water contact and sliding angle measurements.
Optical measurements of transmittance enhancement at various incidence angles.
Assessment of mechanical stability through impact testing with water droplets.

Main Results:

The coating exhibits superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of ~160° and sliding angle of ~10°.
Transmittance of glass substrates increased by ~4% (normal incidence) and ~8% (oblique incidence, up to 60°).
The coating demonstrated robust mechanical stability against high-impact water droplets.

Conclusions:

A novel, inexpensive, and durable multifunctional coating combining superhydrophobicity and omnidirectional antireflectivity was successfully developed.
The coating effectively mimics natural structures for enhanced performance.
The developed coating shows significant promise for practical outdoor applications.