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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis and the XPERT Study.

Anthi Rogkakou1, Elisa Villa, Valentina Garelli

  • 1From Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Levocetirizine significantly improved allergic rhinitis symptoms and quality of life in a 6-month study. This non-sedating antihistamine also reduced the economic burden of the disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic condition with increasing prevalence, impacting quality of life (QoL) and incurring economic costs.
  • Levocetirizine, a second-generation H1-antihistamine, is recognized for its clinical efficacy in AR management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of levocetirizine in adult patients with persistent allergic rhinitis.
  • To assess the impact of levocetirizine on quality of life, symptom scores, and economic burden associated with AR.

Main Methods:

  • The XPERT trial was a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study involving 551 adults with persistent allergic rhinitis.
  • Participants received either levocetirizine 5 mg/d or placebo, with assessments including the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and Total 5 Symptoms Score (T5SS).
  • Secondary endpoints included the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36), comorbidities, pharmacoeconomics, and safety evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Levocetirizine demonstrated statistically significant improvements in RQLQ scores and T5SS from week 1 through 6 months (P <.001).
  • Patients treated with levocetirizine showed enhanced general health status as measured by SF-36 scores compared to placebo.
  • Lower rates of treatment cessation due to lack of efficacy and reduced disease-related costs were observed in the levocetirizine group.

Conclusions:

  • Levocetirizine effectively improves quality of life and reduces symptoms in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis over a 6-month treatment period.
  • The study supports levocetirizine as a beneficial treatment option for AR, also demonstrating a positive impact on reducing the economic burden of the disease.