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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine
08:00

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine

Published on: June 24, 2019

GRO is Chemotactic for Human Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes.

E C Ebert1, A I Roberts, R E Brolin

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) chemokines attract human intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) to the gut lining. However, GRO proteins do not significantly affect lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) migration.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) are crucial memory lymphocytes residing in the intestinal mucosa.
  • These lymphocytes play a vital role in immune surveillance and response within the gut.
  • Understanding their migration patterns is key to comprehending intestinal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of the chemokine, GRO (growth-regulated oncogene), on the migration of human IEL and LPL.
  • To determine if GRO proteins induce chemotaxis or chemokinesis in these lymphocyte populations.
  • To explore the signaling pathways involved in the response of IEL and LPL to GRO.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of IEL and LPL from healthy human jejunal mucosa.
  • Culture of lymphocytes in IL-2 for three days.
  • Assessment of lymphocyte migration using the Boyden transwell assay.
  • Measurement of intracellular calcium concentration using Fura-2 fluorescence.
  • Inhibition studies using cytochalasin D, staurosporine, pertussis toxin, sodium azide, and cycloheximide.

Main Results:

  • GROα, GROβ, and GROγ significantly induced migration of IEL, but not LPL.
  • Checkerboard analysis indicated that IEL migration was primarily chemotactic.
  • The action of GROα on IEL was not dependent on protein synthesis or G-protein signaling but was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors.
  • No significant calcium mobilization was observed in either IEL or LPL upon exposure to GRO proteins.

Conclusions:

  • GRO chemokines are potent chemoattractants for human intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL).
  • GRO proteins do not appear to be significant chemoattractants for human lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL).
  • This differential migration suggests distinct roles for IEL and LPL in intestinal immunity, potentially mediated by specific chemokine receptor expression.