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Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Immune responses to inhalant allergens.

Wayne R Thomas¹, Belinda J Hales

¹From the Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute for Health Research, Western Australia.

The World Allergy Organization Journal

|January 4, 2013

Summary

Immune responses to inhaled allergens show a B cell and T cell dichotomy. Understanding allergen hierarchies is key to developing better allergy treatments and investigating immune regulation.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergy research

Background:

Inhaled allergens trigger complex immune responses involving B cells and T cells.
While B cells limit immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, T cell responses are robust even in non-allergic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of immune responses to inhaled allergens.
To explore the regulatory mechanisms and allergen-specific responses in allergic and non-allergic subjects.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on immune responses to inhaled allergens.
Analysis of B cell and T cell functions, including IgE and IgG antibody production.
Examination of regulatory factors like IL-10 and CD25 T-regulatory cells.
Investigation of non-lymphoid chemokines and in situ immune responses.

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Assessment of allergen-specific IgE-binding protein hierarchies.

Main Results:

A dichotomy exists where B cells limit IgE production, while T cell responses are consistently large.
T cells from non-allergic subjects generally show limited help for IgG antibody production, decreasing with age in house-dust mite allergy.
Evidence for regulation by IL-10-producing cells and CD25 T-regulatory cells is limited, with allergic subjects often showing higher IL-10 production.
Nonlymphoid chemokines like thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-27 are important, necessitating in situ studies.
Individuals exhibit predictable responsiveness to different IgE-binding proteins within an allergen source, forming an allergen hierarchy.

Conclusions:

Understanding the balance between B cell and T cell responses is crucial for allergy research.
Allergen hierarchies offer a framework for designing improved allergen immunotherapy and studying immune regulation in allergies.
Further research into in situ immune responses and the role of specific chemokines is warranted.