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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:

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Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, London, Ont., Sept. 19 to 22, 2002.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2023

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Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, Toronto, Ont., September 6-9, 2007.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2023

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Canadian Surgery Forum.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2022

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Canadian Surgery Forum.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2022

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Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons: Victoria, BC Sept. 10-13, 2009.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2022

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Patient engagement study to identify and improve surgical experience.

The British journal of surgery·2021

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Patients with Crohn's disease achieving transmural healing experience superior long-term outcomes compared with those with endoscopic or radiologic healing alone.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026

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Higher body mass index is associated with lower drug concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with ustekinumab but not vedolizumab.

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Association of preoperative neoplasia and rectal cuff inflammation on initial pouchoscopy with subsequent neoplasia development in inflammatory bowel disease patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a case-control study.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026

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Pediatric bowel-wall thickness cutoffs: calibration before implementation.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026

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Trained immunity: Breaking a dogma and a missing opportunity in IBD?

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Response to the letter to the editor: "pediatric bowel-wall thickness cutoffs: calibration before implementation".

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

Published on: August 19, 2025

Clinical Trials: A Surgeon's Perspective

¹Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

|January 4, 2013

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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