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Alterations in enteric nerve and smooth-muscle function in inflammatory bowel diseases
S M Collins1, G Van Assche, C Hogaboam
1Gastroenterology Division and Intestinal Diseases Research Unit, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves gut neuromuscular tissues, with altered neurotransmission and muscle function contributing to disease. These tissues actively participate in gut inflammation, not just as bystanders.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Neurogastroenterology
- Immunology
Background:
- Focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes and cures often overlooks pathophysiology.
- Understanding the role of gut neuromuscular tissues in IBD is crucial for innovative treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the involvement of enteric nerves and smooth muscle in IBD.
- To highlight the active role of neuromuscular tissues in gut inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature, including animal studies.
- Examination of neurotransmitter changes and muscle contractility alterations in IBD.
Main Results:
- Gut neuromuscular tissues are profoundly altered by inflammation, even without direct invasion.
- Neurotransmitter imbalances (e.g., substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide) affect inflammation.
- Muscle changes contribute to altered motility and strictures (Crohn's disease).
- Muscle influences immune function via cytokine production and immune cell activation.
Conclusions:
- Neuromuscular tissues are active participants in the inflamed gut.
- Altered neurotransmission and muscle function are key to IBD pathophysiology.
- Targeting neuromuscular pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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