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Updated: May 15, 2026
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Primary cardiac neuroendocrine carcinoma and minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Paula Carmona1, Jessica Lázaro, José Llagunes
1Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management Department, Consorcio Hospital General, Valencia, Spain.paulac_g@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Diagnosis of cardiac neoplasm has become more feasible with the use of echocardiography, but imaging is sometimes not enough to establish a diagnosis, and a biopsy is required to determine the diagnosis and treatment. Transesophageal echocardiography-directed biopsies via a minithoracotomy revealed an extremely rare primary cardiac tumor, a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, in the left atrium of a 54-year-old man who presented with syncope and hypotension.
