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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues
08:40

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues

Published on: October 31, 2016

Cell-type specific DNA methylation patterns define human breast cellular identity.

Petr Novak1, Martha R Stampfer, Jose L Munoz-Rodriguez

  • 1Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. petr@umbr.cas.cz

Plos One
|January 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped cell-type specific DNA methylation differences in human breast tissue. Thousands of differentially methylated regions were identified, impacting developmental processes and potentially linked to breast cancer.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is crucial for biological processes like development and cell differentiation.
  • Tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns are established, but cell-type specific patterns within a single tissue are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive map of differential DNA methylation between distinct cell types within human breast tissue.
  • To identify cell-type specific differentially methylated regions (ctDMRs) and their associated biological functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) coupled with microarray analysis to characterize promoter region DNA methylation.
  • Employed MassARRAY technology to confirm and quantify differential methylation in identified ctDMRs.
  • Conducted Gene Ontology analysis to determine the functional implications of differentially methylated regions.

Main Results:

  • Identified nearly three thousand cell-type specific differentially methylated regions (ctDMRs) between human mammary epithelial and fibroblast cells.
  • Confirmed statistically significant differential methylation (10-70%) in 87 examined ctDMRs.
  • Found ctDMRs associated with histone modifications and aberrant methylation in breast cancer, enriched for developmental transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Thousands of ctDMRs exist in human breast tissue, contributing to cell-type specificity.
  • These methylation differences are linked to developmental pathways and may play a role in breast carcinogenesis.
  • The study provides insights into the overlap between normal differentiation and cancer epigenetics.