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Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis01:10

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of analysis based on the hierarchy of analytical goals. This hierarchy is significant as it provides a structured approach to scientific research, with qualitative analysis serving as the initial step, providing essential information before moving on to quantitative or other forms of analysis.
There are two main approaches to qualitative analysis:...
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types01:01

Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types

Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases
06:51

Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases

Published on: October 29, 2018

[An improved characteristic spectral selection method for multicomponent gas quantitative analysis based on Tikhonov

Xiao-Jun Tang1, Lei Zhang, Er-Zhen Wang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. xiaojun_tang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an improved TR characteristic spectral selection method using TR1-norm and TR2-norm. The approach enhances accuracy in analyzing alkane gas mixtures, reducing prediction errors.

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Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases
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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemometrics

Context:

  • Accurate spectral analysis is crucial for identifying and quantifying chemical mixtures.
  • Traditional methods for spectral selection can be prone to errors and require extensive experimental tuning.
  • Ill-posed optimization problems are common in spectral data analysis.

Purpose:

  • To develop an improved TR characteristic spectral selection approach.
  • To introduce TR1-norm and TR2-norm with spectral line distance and coefficient minimization constraints.
  • To establish a general formula for ill-posed optimization problems in spectral selection.

Summary:

  • An improved TR characteristic spectral selection method is presented, incorporating TR1-norm and TR2-norm with spectral line distance and coefficient minimization.
  • A general formula for ill-posed optimization problems effectively reduces errors associated with empirical methods.
  • The approach was successfully applied to analyze alkane gas mixtures (0.01%-20% concentration), including methane, ethane, propane, and pentanes.

Impact:

  • Achieved a low predicting error square of 2.6 x 10(-4) and a coefficient of determination of 0.9592.
  • Demonstrates high accuracy and enhanced practicability of the TR regularization technique.
  • Offers a more reliable and efficient method for spectral analysis of complex gas mixtures.