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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Published on: June 9, 2016

Magnetic particle detection (MPD) for in-vitro dosimetry.

Kevin R Minard¹, Matthew H Littke, Wei Wang

¹Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. kevin.minard@pnnl.gov

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|January 5, 2013

Summary

Researchers developed a low-cost inductive sensor to accurately measure magnetic nanoparticle cell dose. This rapid method enhances consistency and interpretation of in-vitro biological response studies.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Accurate cell dose measurement is crucial for reproducible in-vitro health effect studies of magnetic nanoparticles.
Current methods for quantifying nanoparticle uptake are often time-consuming and labor-intensive.
Standardized dosimetry is essential for reliable interpretation of biological responses to nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, low-cost inductive sensor for rapid quantification of magnetic nanoparticle mass.
To assess the sensor's performance in measuring nanoparticle uptake by cultured cells.
To provide a more accessible and efficient method for magnetic particle detection in in-vitro assays.

Main Methods:

Development of a low-cost inductive sensor utilizing an oscillating magnetic field (250 kHz).
Exploitation of nonlinear particle magnetization to generate a harmonic signal (750 kHz) proportional to mass.
Validation of sensor sensitivity and linearity (R(2)>0.999) for carboxyl-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles.
Application of the sensor to measure nanoparticle uptake in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Main Results:

The sensor accurately determines the total mass of magnetic nanoparticles bound to and internalized by cells.
Achieved sensitivity allows detection of approximately 100 ng of nanoparticles in under one second.
Dosimetric performance is comparable to more expensive and labor-intensive analytical techniques.
Linear correlation (R(2)>0.999) between sensor signal and nanoparticle mass was established.

Conclusions:

The developed inductive sensor offers a fast, low-cost solution for quantifying magnetic nanoparticle cell dose in in-vitro settings.
This technology can improve the consistency and interpretation of biological response data.
The sensor is well-suited for high-throughput screening and routine laboratory use in nanomaterial safety assessments.