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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

CRISPR/Cas12a Multiplex Genome Editing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Creation of Yeast Pixel Art
10:18

CRISPR/Cas12a Multiplex Genome Editing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Creation of Yeast Pixel Art

Published on: May 28, 2019

Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems.

Le Cong1, F Ann Ran, David Cox

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for precise DNA cleavage in human and mouse cells. This technology enables simultaneous editing of multiple genomic sites, offering broad applicability for genetic research.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Precise genome editing is crucial for understanding genetic variants.
  • The prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas system offers RNA-guided DNA cleavage capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer and demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 systems for targeted genome editing in mammalian cells.
  • To explore the programmability and applicability of RNA-guided nucleases for functional genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of two distinct type II CRISPR/Cas systems.
  • Utilizing Cas9 nucleases guided by short RNAs for site-specific DNA cleavage.
  • Conversion of Cas9 into a nicking enzyme for homology-directed repair.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated precise cleavage at endogenous genomic loci in human and mouse cells using engineered CRISPR-Cas9 systems.
  • Showcased minimal mutagenic activity with a nicking Cas9 variant for enhanced repair.
  • Enabled simultaneous multi-site genome editing via a single CRISPR array, highlighting programmability.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease technology is highly programmable and widely applicable for mammalian genome editing.
  • This system facilitates functional elucidation of genetic variants and elements with precision and efficiency.