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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
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Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.

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Related Experiment Video

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Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
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Published on: August 2, 2024

Pertussis and persistent cough: practical, clinical and epidemiologic issues.

Kenneth Frumkin1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a contagious respiratory illness with increasing cases. Early treatment and prevention are crucial, especially to protect infants from severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) cases are increasing, with waning immunity contributing to 12-35% of illnesses.
  • Emergency Department management often overlooks pertussis in adults with prolonged cough.
  • This vaccine-preventable disease poses significant risks, particularly to infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering pertussis in differential diagnoses for prolonged cough.
  • To provide practical recommendations for testing, treatment, and prevention of pertussis.
  • To emphasize the risks of pertussis transmission to vulnerable populations, especially infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current pertussis epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including unreliable testing after three weeks.
  • Synthesis of treatment guidelines, focusing on early intervention to reduce communicability and impact clinical course.

Main Results:

  • Pertussis is highly contagious (80% transmission) with atypical presentations common in adults and infants.
  • Adults often present with cough alone, while infants may show apnea, bradycardia, or poor feeding.
  • Treatment within the first few weeks can alter the course; later treatment can prevent transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Pertussis poses a serious risk to infants, leading to hospitalization and death.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to reduce transmission and disease severity.
  • Recommendations include considering pertussis in prolonged cough cases, appropriate testing, post-exposure prophylaxis, and Tdap vaccination for all adults.