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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Videos

Bilateral diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.

Georg Klammer1, Michael Betz1, Barbara Delaloye2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Uniklinik Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland.

The Journal of Knee Surgery
|January 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare condition affecting joints. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating bilateral diffuse PVNS in a young patient.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign neoplastic proliferation of the synovium.
  • It is characterized by lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and hemosiderin deposition.
  • PVNS typically presents in localized or diffuse forms, with the diffuse type associated with higher recurrence rates due to challenges in complete surgical resection.

Observation:

  • Diffuse PVNS most commonly affects a single joint, with the knee involved in approximately 80% of cases.
  • Bilateral or multiarticular involvement is exceptionally rare.
  • This report details a case of a 16-year-old female with bilateral diffuse PVNS of the knee.

Findings:

  • The diffuse form of PVNS can lead to aggressive local invasion, including osseous erosions and extra-articular manifestations.
  • Achieving a total synovectomy in diffuse PVNS is critical for minimizing recurrence but remains a significant surgical challenge.
  • Bilateral presentation in a young patient necessitates careful diagnostic evaluation and tailored treatment strategies.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare presentations of PVNS, even in younger demographics.
  • It emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostic workup and potentially aggressive surgical or therapeutic approaches for diffuse, bilateral PVNS.
  • Further research into the etiology and optimal management of rare PVNS variants is warranted to improve patient outcomes.