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Updated: May 15, 2026

Gene Expression Analyses in Human Follicles
Published on: February 17, 2023
Identification of stable reference genes for gene expression studies using quantitative real time PCR in buffalo
Parveen Kumar1, Poonam Yadav, Arpana Verma
1Animal Genomics Lab, ABTC, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Abstract:
The present study was aimed to validate expression stability of 6 housekeeping genes (viz. YWHAZ, SDHA, GAPDH, RPS15, RPS18 and RN18S1) in the oocytes and embryos of different stages in buffalo. A modified Trizol protocol was optimized for RNA isolation from as few as five oocytes. The expression level of selected genes was studied by an optimized real time PCR using DCT method and their stability of expression was evaluated by Microsoft Excel based visual application, geNORM. The analysis revealed that the RPS15 and GAPDH were the most stable genes across different samples. Also, the geometric mean of three genes (i.e. RPS15,RPS18 and GAPDH) were found suitable for normalization of real time PCR data from buffalo oocytes⁄embryos. The information would help in more accurate interpretation of gene expression data from oocytes⁄embryos towards understanding the molecular events in these cells during development.

