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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Role of Proteins in the Human Body01:28

Role of Proteins in the Human Body

Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They are...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis
07:44

TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis

Published on: June 8, 2020

[Variability of healthy human proteome].

N A Pakharukova, L Kh Pastushkova, S A Moshkovskiĭ

    Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia
    |January 8, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Protein variability in healthy individuals is significant, with some proteins showing normal fluctuations comparable to disease states. Identifying stable proteins is crucial for accurate clinical proteomics and biomarker development.

    Area of Science:

    • Proteomics
    • Biochemistry
    • Human Physiology

    Context:

    • Proteomic profiles exhibit substantial intra- and inter-individual variability in healthy humans.
    • Normal protein variability can sometimes mimic pathological changes, complicating biomarker identification.
    • Understanding protein plasticity is essential for accurate interpretation of health status.

    Purpose:

    • To review and analyze studies on protein variability and post-translational modifications in healthy individuals.
    • To differentiate between normal physiological protein fluctuations and disease-related alterations.
    • To identify proteins with stable expression levels for reliable biomarker use.

    Summary:

    • High intra-individual variability was confirmed in the serum low-molecular subproteome of healthy volunteers.

    More Related Videos

    Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools
    07:01

    Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools

    Published on: August 19, 2025

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 15, 2026

    TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis
    07:44

    TMT Sample Preparation for Proteomics Facility Submission and Subsequent Data Analysis

    Published on: June 8, 2020

    Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools
    07:01

    Navigating the Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Data Using Free Computational Tools

    Published on: August 19, 2025

  • Proteins with high normal variability (e.g., haptoglobin, lysozyme, C-reactive protein) are unsuitable as biomarkers.
  • Proteins with low variability (e.g., albumin, transferrin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) offer valuable health insights.

    • Impact:

    • Excluding highly variable proteins refines biomarker selection criteria in clinical proteomics.
    • Identifying stable proteins aids in establishing accurate reference intervals for health assessment.
    • This research contributes to more precise diagnostic and monitoring tools in healthcare.