Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
Published on: January 21, 2018
Inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate in patients with asthma and rhinitis
Kurtuluş Aksu1, Hülyam Kurt, Eren Gündüz
1Division of Allergy, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. kurtulusaksu@yahoo.com
Introduction:
The present study investigates the lower airway inflammation using malondialdehyde and total protein measurement in exhaled breath condensate in mild asthma, persistent rhinitis, and concomitant asthma and rhinitis.
Patients And Methods:
Asthmatics with mild disease, patients with persistent rhinitis symptomatic for at least one year and healthy controls were included. Asthmatics and rhinitis patients were all newly diagnosed and were free of corticosteroid therapy. Participants were nonsmokers, had no respiratoy tract infection within the previous month. Rhinitis patients with asthmatic symptoms and positive bronchial challenge were grouped as patients with persistent rhinitis and concomitant asthma. Malondialdehyde and total protein were measured in the exhaled breath condensate collected from the subjects.
Results:
No statistical difference was found in the malondialdehyde and total protein levels in exhaled breath condensate between the four study groups which are; 53 patients with persistent rhinitis, 12 with mild asthma, 16 persistent rhinitis patients with concomitant asthma and 13 healthy controls (p> 0.05). Atopy and nasal eosinophilia were not related to malondialdehyde and total protein levels in exhaled breath condensate.
Conclusion:
Lower airway inflammation is not a disease specific process and is not a prerequisite concerning patients with mild asthma or rhinitis or patients with coexistence of both diseases.
Related Concept Videos
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations
Asthma I: Introduction
Asthma-I: Introduction
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
Classification of Asthma

