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Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

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Knee rotation associated with dynamic knee valgus and toe direction.

Tomoya Ishida¹, Masanori Yamanaka², Naoki Takeda²

¹Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Dept. of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopedic Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

|January 8, 2013

Summary

Knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus was studied. The knee externally rotates during dynamic knee valgus, and this rotation is influenced by foot (toe) direction.

Keywords:

Anterior cruciate ligament Dynamic knee valgus Knee rotation Toe direction

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Orthopedics

Background:

Dynamic knee valgus is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Understanding knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus is crucial for evaluating dynamic alignment and preventing injuries.
The specific rotational patterns of the knee during this movement remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus.
To determine if toe direction (foot rotation) influences knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus.

Main Methods:

Sixteen female participants performed dynamic knee valgus at 30° knee flexion.
Three toe directions were tested: neutral, toe-out, and toe-in.
A 7-camera motion analysis system captured knee rotation, analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

The knee demonstrated significant external rotation in the dynamic knee valgus position compared to the start position for neutral and toe-out conditions.
A similar trend was observed for the toe-in condition.
Toe direction significantly altered the knee rotation angle, with notable shifts in external and internal rotation relative to the neutral position.

Conclusions:

The knee exhibits external rotation during dynamic knee valgus.
Toe direction is a significant factor affecting knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus.
This external rotation, particularly in the toe-out position, may increase the risk of ACL impingement on the femoral condyle.