Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for managing depression in persons living with HIV

Depressive symptoms and depression are prevalent among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Depression among PLWH is associated with a lower quality of life, reduced adherence to antiretroviral treatment, poorer self-care, worsened treatment outcomes, greater impairment in social and vocational functioning, and increased social isolation. Assessment of depression in PLWH is critical to facilitate referral and management. Fortunately, two simple screening questions can be used to assess for depression, and evidence supports the effective management of depression for PLWH. First-line treatment regimens for depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or a combination of SSRI and CBT. This paper examines the contemporary evidence related to depression in the context of HIV infection. A case study has been included to illustrate an application of evidence-based treatment interventions recommended for clinical practice.