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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
03:47

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Upper face rejuvenation.

V Ilankovan1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK. velupillai.Ilankovan@poole.nhs.uk

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|January 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rejuvenate your upper face with surgical and non-surgical options. This guide covers aging, diagnosis, and treatments like antioxidants and non-ablative lasers for a natural look.

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Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic medicine and dermatology.
  • Facial anatomy and aging.

Background:

  • The upper face, including the forehead, brow, glabella, and upper eyelids, constitutes a significant facial aesthetic area.
  • Aging processes, both intrinsic and extrinsic (e.g., gravitational effects), along with genetic factors, impact upper facial aesthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of upper facial anatomy and pathophysiology of aging.
  • To discuss various surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities for upper facial rejuvenation.
  • To introduce novel therapeutic concepts, including antioxidants and laser treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of upper facial aging.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria for upper facial aesthetic concerns.
  • Exploration of surgical and non-surgical rejuvenation techniques.
  • Introduction of antioxidant (curcumin) and non-ablative laser therapies.

Main Results:

  • Aging affects the forehead, brow, glabella, and upper eyelids, necessitating targeted rejuvenation strategies.
  • Both surgical and non-surgical interventions can address upper facial aging.
  • Antioxidants like curcumin and non-ablative lasers show potential in dermal rejuvenation.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective upper facial rejuvenation.
  • A combination of approaches, including novel therapies, can achieve natural-looking results.
  • The goal is to restore a youthful appearance while maintaining a natural, unoperated look.