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Related Concept Videos

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Third Law of Thermodynamics

A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Shape entropy's response to molecular ionization.

K Pineda-Urbina1, R D Guerrero, A Reyes

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán Km. 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col., CP 28400, Mexico.

Journal of Molecular Modeling
|January 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We introduce shape entropy, a new measure of molecular electron distribution. This descriptor effectively quantizes electron delocalization and predicts changes in chemical bonding patterns upon ionization.

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10:37

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Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular bonding properties is crucial in chemistry.
  • Existing descriptors may not fully capture electron delocalization dynamics.
  • Quantifying changes in bonding requires robust theoretical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and explore a novel descriptor, shape entropy, for molecular bonding.
  • To investigate the relationship between shape entropy and electron delocalization.
  • To assess the utility of shape entropy's response to electron number changes for predicting bonding alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of shape entropy via Shannon's entropy of the shape function.
  • Calculation of shape entropy and its linear response to electron number changes.
  • Application to selected molecular systems.
  • Analysis of the derivative of shape entropy in relation to the shape function and Fukui function.

Main Results:

  • Shape entropy accurately describes electron delocalization in molecules.
  • The linear response of shape entropy to ionization predicts modifications in bonding patterns.
  • The derivative of shape entropy is determined by the shape function and Fukui function.

Conclusions:

  • Shape entropy serves as a valuable descriptor for molecular bonding properties.
  • The proposed method offers insights into electron delocalization and bonding changes.
  • The derivative of shape entropy provides a direct link to fundamental electronic properties.