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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...

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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Algorithms for a strain-based plasticity criterion for bone.

Pankaj Pankaj1, Finn E Donaldson

  • 1School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK. pankaj@ed.ac.uk

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|January 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new strain-based plasticity algorithm for finite element analysis of bone. The robust algorithm accurately models bone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Stress-based plasticity criteria are commonly used for bone finite element analysis.
  • Strain-based criteria are increasingly recognized as more suitable for bone due to its isotropic yielding behavior.
  • Strain-based criteria offer advantages by requiring fewer material parameters compared to stress-based methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust strain-based plasticity algorithm for finite element analysis of bone.
  • To address challenges posed by singular regions within the strain-based criterion.
  • To ensure efficient and accurate plastic corrector calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a strain-based plasticity algorithm founded on minimum and maximum principal strain criteria.
  • Inclusion of singularity indicators to manage piecewise linear surfaces in principal strain space.
  • Implementation within a finite element package and subsequent benchmark testing.

Main Results:

  • The developed algorithm successfully handles singular regions in the strain-based plasticity criterion.
  • Plastic corrector calculations are achieved in a single iterative step.
  • Benchmark tests confirm the expected constitutive behavior of bone under post-elastic loading.

Conclusions:

  • The novel strain-based plasticity algorithm provides a robust and efficient method for analyzing bone's post-elastic behavior.
  • The algorithm's ability to handle singularities and achieve single-step corrections enhances its practical applicability in finite element analysis.
  • This approach offers a more accurate and parsimonious modeling strategy for bone biomechanics.